The Civil Scholar

Architecture Meaning: The art and science of planning, designing, constructing buildings and (some) nonbuilding structures. Factors influencing Architectural Development: - Geography - Religion - Style - Culture - Technology - Imagination - Cost Ratio. Elements to identify architectural styles: - Roof style - Chimney style - Form of structure - regional character - method of construction - Exterior building materials Characteristics Features of Style: An architectural style is defined as a set of structural design that makes one building structure different from others. ✪  Victorian Style - Painted iron railings. - Two to three stories. - Churchlike rooftop finials. - Steeply pitched roofs. - Plain or colorfully painted brick. - Sliding sash and  bay windows. - Decorated triangular sloping over door and window. Example :  ☞︎︎︎ The Palace of Westminster (1870), ☞︎︎︎ The Brooklyn Bridge (1883), ☞︎︎︎ The Carson Mansion in Eureka (1884). ✪  Islamic Style - Interior ...

The formation of a stream valley is a long process. Each stage occurs in different locations and features specific characteristics. The aging process of a stream valley has three stages, including youth, maturity, and old age. YOUTH STAGE A stream is said to be youth stage when it cuts its valley downwards to establish a graded condition with its base level. a. Position: commonly found in mountains from where a stream starts its journey. b. Erosion:  down cutting is dominant. c. Valley Shape: narrow and V- shaped. d. Longitudinal Profile: the gradient is steep (ungraded). Waterfalls and rapids are common. e. Valley Floor:  the stream occupies most of the width of valley floor as result there is little or no floodplain. f. Stream Pattern: is angular and without meanders, tributaries are short and few. MATURE STAGE A stream is set to be in mature stage when downwards erosion diminishes and lateral erosion dominates. a.   Position:  commonly found in the pl...